Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction in concrete between the alkaline cement paste and reactive non-crystalline silica found in many common aggregates. When these silica aggregates react with the alkali hydroxides in concrete, a gel-like substance is formed. This gel swells as it absorbs water from the surrounding cement paste or the environment, inducing internal stress within the concrete structure. This stress can lead to cracking, reduced durability, and ultimately, the failure of the concrete. ASR is a significant concern in civil engineering because it compromises the longevity and integrity of concrete infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, and buildings, particularly in environments with high moisture levels.