Transport properties in cement and concrete refer to the material’s ability to convey fluids and gases through its pore structure, which is critical for determining the durability and longevity of concrete structures. These properties include permeability, diffusivity, and sorptivity, which influence how water, ions, and other substances move within the concrete matrix. The primary mechanisms affecting transport properties are the porosity and connectivity of the capillary pores and microcracks, which can be influenced by the material’s composition, curing conditions, and exposure to environmental stresses. In severe environmental conditions—such as extreme temperatures, freeze–thaw cycles, and chemical exposures—the transport properties can be significantly altered, affecting the material’s resistance to degradation processes like corrosion, sulfate attack, and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) (Powers 1968).