Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stores excess thermal energy for later use, enhancing energy efficiency and management in building materials like concrete. In the context of concrete, TES typically involves incorporating materials such as phase change materials (PCMs) that absorb, store, and release thermal energy as they change phases. This ability allows concrete structures to act as thermal batteries, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it during cooler periods, thereby stabilizing indoor temperatures and reducing the load on conventional heating and cooling systems.