Alternative cement refers to cementitious materials that are developed as substitutes for traditional Portland cement to address environmental concerns and enhance durability under severe conditions. These alternatives include materials such as geopolymers, alkali-activated cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cements, and magnesium oxychloride cements. The push for alternative cement is driven by the need to reduce the significant carbon footprint associated with the production of Portland cement and to produce materials that perform better in challenging environments, such as areas with high sulfate exposure, extreme temperatures, and aggressive chemical environments.