Alternative binders have been increasingly explored in the field of construction to address the environmental concerns associated with the production of traditional Portland cement. These binders, which can include materials such as alkali-activated materials, geopolymers, calcium aluminate cements, and magnesium-based cements, offer the potential for reduced CO 2 emissions, enhanced durability, and improved performance under severe environmental conditions. The utilization of these materials is particularly critical in contexts requiring high resistance to chemical attacks, thermal stresses, and other extreme conditions that typically challenge the integrity of conventional cementitious materials.