Sediments, in the context of cement and concrete, refer to granular materials like sand, silt, and clay that are typically deposited by water, ice, or air. These materials can be used as aggregates or supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete production, depending on their mineralogical composition and particle size. The use of sediments in concrete involves processing them to achieve suitable gradation and purity before they can be mixed with cement and water. The mechanism by which sediments affect concrete properties varies: they can act as fillers, enhancing density and stability, or as reactive agents participating in the hydration process, depending on their silica content.