Nitrogen oxides (NO x), primarily nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and nitric oxide (NO), are gaseous pollutants mainly produced by combustion processes, including those found in vehicle exhausts and industrial emissions. While typically considered atmospheric pollutants, NO x can have significant detrimental effects on the structural integrity and longevity of cement and concrete, particularly in urban areas with high levels of air pollution. Understanding the impact of NO x on these construction materials is crucial for enhancing their durability and performance in severe environmental conditions.