The mechanical and durability properties of cement and concrete are crucial factors that determine the longevity and functionality of concrete structures, especially under severe environmental conditions. Mechanical properties include compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, which define the material’s ability to bear loads and resist deformation. Durability properties, on the other hand, refer to the material’s ability to withstand various forms of degradation such as corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles, chemical attack, and abrasion. The interplay between these properties is vital for developing robust concrete formulations that can endure the rigors of extreme environments.