Air pollution, comprising various gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, poses significant challenges to the durability and integrity of cement and concrete structures. The primary contaminants of concern include sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO 2), and particulate substances, which react with the materials in cement and concrete. These pollutants can accelerate the degradation processes such as carbonation and sulfate attack, both of which are detrimental to the longevity of concrete structures. Understanding the interaction between these pollutants and concrete is crucial for developing more resilient building materials, especially in urban environments whepollution core air pollution levels are typically higher.