Incinerator ash, primarily derived from the combustion of municipal solid waste, encompasses bottom ash and fly ash, each with distinct properties. Bottom ash, collected at the furnace bottom, is coarser and used in bulk applications like road base and landfill cover. Fly ash, however, is finer, captured from flue gases, and exhibits pozzolanic properties when mixed with water. This fine particulate has significant potential in concrete as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Using incinerator ash in cement and concrete can lead to enhanced material properties through the chemical and physical modifications it induces within the cement matrix, especially pertinent in enhancing durability and mechanical strength under adverse environmental conditions.