Heavy Metals
摘要
This section will define heavy metals commonly encountered in cement and concrete, such as chromium, lead, and cadmium, and discuss their sources, including industrial waste and recycling processes. The mechanisms by which these metals interact with cementitious materials will be detailed, explaining how they can be incorporated into the cement matrix either as part of the raw materials or through contamination. The impact of these metals on the chemical reactions during the cement hydration process will also be discussed.