Freeze-thaw durability is a critical measure of concrete’s ability to withstand the cyclical process of freezing and thawing, which is particularly significant in climates where temperatures frequently cross the freezing point. This property is vital because water absorbed in the concrete’s pore structure expands upon freezing, exerting internal pressures that can initiate and propagate cracks, leading to the gradual disintegration of the material. Ensuring high freeze-thaw durability is essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of concrete structures, reducing the risk of sudden failures and the need for frequent repairs. It also has significant economic implications, as durable concrete reduces the overall maintenance and replacement costs associated with infrastructure in cold climates.