Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a chemical microanalysis technique used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the elemental composition of materials. In the context of cement and concrete, EDS is crucial for analyzing the elemental makeup of concrete components, identifying phases, and detecting deleterious reactions or contaminants that could compromise the material’s integrity. This analysis is particularly important in severe environmental conditions, where understanding the chemical durability of concrete can inform better material choices and protective measures to enhance longevity and performance.