Carbon plays a unique and dual role in the world of cement and concrete, primarily through the processes of carbonation and the utilization of carbon-based materials like carbon fibers. In the realm of cement chemistry, carbonation refers to the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrated cement phases, leading to the formation of calcium carbonate. This process can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on concrete properties. On the other hand, the addition of carbon-based materials, such as carbon fibers, is aimed at enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete, making it more suitable for demanding environments.