Tricalcium silicate (Ca 3SiO 5), commonly known as alite, is the most abundant compound in Portland cement, constituting about 50–70% of the mix. It is primarily responsible for the early strength development in concrete through its hydration process, which produces calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2). This hydration reaction is not only crucial for gaining initial strength but also generates significant heat, known as the heat of hydration. The high reactivity of Ca 3SiO 5 with water makes it an essential component in achieving the desired setting times and strength characteristics of cement.