Bioaerosols are airborne particles that are biological in origin, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and pollen, which can be suspended in the air over both urban and rural areas. In the context of civil engineering, the interaction between bioaerosols and construction materials, particularly cement and concrete, is crucial due to the potential for bioaerosol-induced degradation and structural damage. This interaction becomes even more significant under severe environmental conditions such as high humidity, temperature fluctuations, and pollutant exposure, which can accelerate the microbial growth and biofilm formation on these materials. Understanding the nature of bioaerosols and their potential effects on construction materials is essential for developing more resilient infrastructure.