A hemodynamic change affecting the liver parenchyma is known as hepatic perfusion disorder (HPD), though the hepatocytes display no histological abnormalities. A THPD can be classified as abnormal hypoperfusion or abnormal hyperperfusion, where abnormal hyperperfusion is more common. Hepatic perfusion disorder is divided into physiological and pathological disorders based on the causes of alterations in liver hemodynamics. Plain scans indicate iso-density; enhanced scans indicate transient wedge-shaped, sector-shaped, or irregular flaky abnormal enhancement in the arterial phase, returning to iso-density in portal venous, and equilibrium phases. There are three types of THPD in liver parenchyma based on their morphological characteristics: (1) the extensive type; (2) the liver lobe or hepatic segment type; and (3) the wedge-shaped or irregular type. The T1WI, the T2WI, and the DWI show mostly iso-intensity, and the enhancement scan appears wedge-shaped or irregular abnormal hyperintensity, which returns to iso-intensity in the portal venous phase. Notably, most of the foci exhibit iso-intensity during the hepatocyte phase of enhanced scanning using Primovist (Gd-EOB-DTPA). With blood-pool microbubble contrast medium, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can accurately reflect microvascular perfusion characteristics of the liver. A diagnosis is not difficult when the typical imaging findings are considered.

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Hepatic Perfusion Disorder

  • Jiawen Luo,
  • Zhehao Lyu,
  • Bailu Liu,
  • Ning Luo,
  • Chengjun Song

摘要

A hemodynamic change affecting the liver parenchyma is known as hepatic perfusion disorder (HPD), though the hepatocytes display no histological abnormalities. A THPD can be classified as abnormal hypoperfusion or abnormal hyperperfusion, where abnormal hyperperfusion is more common. Hepatic perfusion disorder is divided into physiological and pathological disorders based on the causes of alterations in liver hemodynamics. Plain scans indicate iso-density; enhanced scans indicate transient wedge-shaped, sector-shaped, or irregular flaky abnormal enhancement in the arterial phase, returning to iso-density in portal venous, and equilibrium phases. There are three types of THPD in liver parenchyma based on their morphological characteristics: (1) the extensive type; (2) the liver lobe or hepatic segment type; and (3) the wedge-shaped or irregular type. The T1WI, the T2WI, and the DWI show mostly iso-intensity, and the enhancement scan appears wedge-shaped or irregular abnormal hyperintensity, which returns to iso-intensity in the portal venous phase. Notably, most of the foci exhibit iso-intensity during the hepatocyte phase of enhanced scanning using Primovist (Gd-EOB-DTPA). With blood-pool microbubble contrast medium, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can accurately reflect microvascular perfusion characteristics of the liver. A diagnosis is not difficult when the typical imaging findings are considered.