Long-Term Care Initiatives in Southeast Asian Countries with Emerging Ageing Population and the Sustainability of Health and Social Care Systems
摘要
The global ageing population is increasing rapidly, impacting countries across the world, including those in the Southeast Asian region. This demographic shift is altering population structures and escalating the demand for care services. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), comprising Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, has endorsed a “statement on active ageing” since 2016 to enhance the quality of life and well-being of the older population in the region. While still in its early stages, various forms of long-term care have been established or integrated into the existing health and social care systems of countries grappling with ageing issues within the region. Updated statistics from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) reveal that Singapore has the highest ageing rate in the region, followed by Thailand and Vietnam as of 2023. However, both Thailand and Vietnam still find themselves caught in the predicament of being middle-income developing countries, where the population is getting older rapidly, and the health and social systems are yet to be adequately equipped to address these evolving needs. In addition to traditional long-term care (LTC) options like institutional care or nursing homes, initiatives such as community-integrated care are emerging to support aging individuals within their communities. Nonetheless, ensuring financial sustainability and workforce stability remains a challenging question to tackle that necessitates multidisciplinary collaboration.