Design of Suitable Bolting Pattern by Eliminating Goaf Edge Vertical Support for Sand Stowing Depillaring Panels—An Empirical and Numerical Based Support Design Approach
摘要
Depillaring panels in underground coal mines are more susceptible to roof failure due to the formulation of induced mining stresses. The basic reason behind the same is the large exposed cross-section area during the state of excavation. Roof fall occurrence is usually more in such regions as they also trigger other ground control-associated problems and thus, is a reason for concern. For a large extent of years, different rock mass classification systems are being used for the design of support systems in various underground mines, however, nonetheless, roof fall contributes to most fatalities, thereby drawing crucial challenges for mining engineers and geologists. In this study initially, rock loads of split, slices, and goaf edges were determined for nine sand stowing panels applying Barton’s Q-System. Further, the study was extended by the estimation of Bieniawski RMR and rock load height. Numerical models for depillaring panels were also conducted to ascertain the rock load height on the basis of obtained safety factor contours of models. Accordingly, an effort has been made in this study to suggest the proper bolt length with suitable bolting patterns on the basis of rock load obtained from the Q-system and rock load height attained by Bieniawski RMR and numerical models. The outcome of the study helped in designing adequate support with proper safety by replacing vertical support. Support design guideline was also proposed with respect to the Q-system, rock load, and obtained bolt length for investigated sites of depillaring panels.