Peptides are essential biomolecules in living organisms, involved in key biological functions such as enzyme catalysis, signal transduction, and immune modulation. Given their pivotal roles, accurate detection and monitoring of peptides are critical for understanding cellular processes and diagnosing various diseases. Among recent studies, the development of adaptive chiral sensing platforms based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has emerged as a promising approach for peptide adaptive detection due to their unique advantages, including high sensitivity, tunable responses, and molecular-level specificity. This chapter offers a summary of the current progress and development of chiral AIE systems including small molecule, macrocycles, and self-assembled framework structures, with a specific emphasis on their ability to accurately detect or differentiate between various peptides under different contexts. Finally, based on the current research progress, we discuss the challenges of using chiral AIE systems for adaptive detection of peptides and explore potential development in future.