The practice of mindfulness offers profound benefits that transcend the confines of the mind and seep into various facets of daily life. From improving sleep patterns to curbing addictive behaviors, fostering healthier dietary choices, and promoting regular exercise, mindfulness serves as a transformative tool for cultivating positive behavioral changes. By fostering awareness, acceptance, and intentional living, mindfulness empowers individuals toward greater prevention of illness and promotion of health. The aim of this chapter is to review the impact of mindfulness practices on behavioral change, especially focusing on the realm of health promotion and illness prevention. Specifically, this chapter will define mindfulness and offer a science-based model that can be applied clinically to all areas of behavior change. It will then examine the applications of mindfulness in specific areas of behavior change including sleep, addiction, exercise and diet, and review the key literature findings. The chapter then turns to mechanisms of action and possible pathways through which mindfulness has positive effects.