Problem-based learning (PBL) is a transformative educational methodology that emphasizes student-centered, active learning through real-world problem-solving. In dental education, PBL fosters critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and self-directed learning, preparing students for the complexities of modern dental practice. This chapter explores the evolution of PBL, its implementation strategies, benefits, criticism, and future directions within dental education. A comparative analysis of PBL integration across international dental educational programs is presented to highlight global perspectives. Challenges in implementing PBL and strategies for enhancing its effectiveness are discussed, emphasizing the role of technology and interprofessional collaboration. The chapter aims to guide dental educators in optimizing PBL to meet contemporary educational needs and enhance student learning outcomes.