This chapter explores the concept of clinical assessments with a focus on mode and methods. The distinction here has been made based on who is conducting the assessment (mode) and the specific tools of assessment (methods). It outlines the major modes of assessment: self, peer, multisource feedback, and methods such as OSCE, CBR, portfolio assessment, technology-enhanced assessment, and programmatic assessment. Together, these approaches ensure valid, reliable, and holistic evaluation of clinical competence. The chapter underscores that no single method suffices; rather, a blended, longitudinal framework that integrates feedback, reflection, and learner engagement best supports competency development and lifelong learning among dental professionals.