During the Cold War, the concept of deterrencedeterrence—employing military threats to prevent international crises—was widely discussed (Nye, 1987). The discourse then centred on nuclear weapons and the idea of MAD that a full-scale nuclear attack against a nuclear-armed defence would devastate both parties (Taddeo, 2018). The risk of dyadic conflict may increase in the face of escalating, potentially disastrous, confrontations between major global powers (Smith, 2021).