Suprafoveal Fractures
摘要
Femoral head fractures are uncommon injuries, leading to limited clinical experience among individual surgeons. Among these, suprafoveal fractures are one of the common subtypes. These injuries usually result from high-energy trauma, and the trauma victims are most often young adults under 40 years of age. The Pipkin classification remains the most widely used system for categorizing femoral head fractures, with alternative classifications serving mainly academic purposes. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the preferred treatment for most Pipkin-type fractures. There is limited evidence regarding the need for additional stabilization of the acetabulum in these cases. Conservative management, especially for Pipkin type II fractures, is associated with poor outcomes. ORIF provides the best functional results for these fractures, with over 85% achieving good to excellent outcomes. Both anterior and posterior surgical approaches demonstrate similar rates of complications and functional recovery. In recent years, the safe surgical dislocation of the hip, described by Ganz, has gained popularity as a preferred approach for managing these types of Pipkin fractures.