The rapid advancements in voice-based artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to significantly impact environmental sustainability. Through an enhanced Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study analyzes the key determinants that shape how individuals adopt and consistently use voice-based AI technology. Drawing from a survey of 871 Indian participants, the research explores users’ technological perceptions and attitude toward sustainable adoption and continued use with specific attention to supporting environmental sustainability goals. The analysis, utilizing structural equation modeling, demonstrates a strong correlation between user trust and two key factors: the system’s perceived usefulness (β = 0.588) and perceived ease of using (β = 0.550) voice AI applications. Users’ overall attitude served as the primary indicator of long-term technology adoption and sustained usage patterns (β = 0.767), with users implementing 65% of eco-friendly recommendations delivered through their AI voice assistants. Findings showed that users initiated on an average 27 interactions daily with their voice AI systems, with approximately one-third (31.2%) of these exchanges relating to environmental sustainability functions. This study enhances existing technology acceptance frameworks by positioning trust as a crucial component in fostering sustainable technology adoption, especially within developing economies. The research outcomes offer strategic direction for multiple stakeholders, including technology innovators, policy architects, and corporate leaders, in their efforts to encourage environmentally mindful technology integration and user participation.