Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool for precision agriculture, addressing challenges in sustainable food production, resource efficiency, and environmental protection. This chapter explores the intersection of nanotechnology and precision agriculture, emphasizing the use of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and quantum dots for real-time monitoring of crops, soil health, and environmental changes. Applications include improved pest management, maximized soil nutrition, and enhanced crop productivity through the integration of digital technologies. While nanotechnology offers reduced material costs, increased efficiency, and enhanced resilience against climate variability, its widespread adoption remains constrained by insufficient understanding of nanoparticle behavior in complex agricultural ecosystems. Additionally, potential risks of nanoparticle accumulation in the food chain and the environment necessitate detailed investigation. The research gap lies in the lack of comprehensive studies evaluating the long-term effects of nanomaterials on soil microbiota, plant health, and human safety. This chapter highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop sustainable nano-enabled technologies while minimizing unintended consequences. Finally, we outline the necessary policy options and actions for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity, proposing research pathways to address the challenges associated with the practical implementation of nanotechnology. Future research should focus on eco-friendly nanomaterials, scalable technologies, and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safe integration into agricultural systems. Bridging nanotechnology with precision agriculture promises innovative solutions for global food security, offering a roadmap for sustainable agricultural development.