The practice of ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) is a boon to the rural communities in India due to its accessibility, cost considerations, and pharmacological efficacy. This chapter discusses and analyzes information about the plant species used by various communities across India to treat various livestock diseases. The information synthesis is based on a systematic review methodology considering numerous publications in the Indian states and union territories. Topics examined include historical accounts of EVM practice in India, as well as records of ailments and treatments in various domestic animals. A large number of plants (984) useful for animal health are tabulated and grouped according to their popularity: for example, very popular (Azadirachta indica, etc.), moderately popular (Abutilon indicum, etc.), popular (Acacia catechu, etc.), least popular (Abelmoschus esculentus, etc.) and not popular (Abies pindrow, etc.). Their taxonomic diversity is also examined in terms of their family classification: highly diverse (Asteraceae), moderately diverse (Acanthaceae), diverse (Amaranthaceae), slightly diverse (Annonaceae), and not diverse (Acoraceae). Although this study is not exhaustive, it focuses on several groups of people, including indigenous communities spread across remote locations in India, who have developed deep indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK). The status of the ITK is discussed, and preservation of its threatened status is proposed. This information can help researchers, EVM practitioners, policy makers and other stakeholders contribute to the improvement of rural populations and their complex environments.