This paper explores the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the logistics industry. It finds that the digital economy and the level of high-quality development of the logistics industry in China’s provinces and cities increased year by year between 2013 and 2022, but there are significant differences between regions. The digital economy significantly promotes the high-quality development of the logistics industry, and scientific and technological human capital plays a mediating role in this process. Meanwhile, the higher the level of industrial structure, the stronger the driving effect of the digital economy, and the industrial structure plays a threshold role.