Academic integrity serves as the foundation of higher education and research for upholding principles of honesty, fairness, and responsibility in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. This chapter explores major types of academic misconduct, inclusive of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, collusion, ghostwriting, cheating, fraud, sabotage, and complicity. These are the most common violations that destroy trust, damages institution’s reputation, and, eventually affect health services threatening patient’s care and safety. The chapter gives case studies related to different types of plagiarism that were reported in media showing how it adversely effected the life and career of professionals’. The chapter also highlights the importance of roles that can be played by students, faculty, and institutions for addressing plagiarism. The chapter gives suggestions for faculty development, policy formulations, acquiring plagiarism detection tools, and educational programs. The conclusion of the chapter is that ultimate responsibility for furthering academic integrity and ensuring legitimacy of higher education and research rests with all stakeholders inclusive of students’, faculty and administration.