International migration and transnationalism are mutually reinforcing phenomena that facilitate the movement of individuals beyond the confines of sovereign nation-states. Migration has engendered transnationalism, or diasporic consciousness, a concept that gained prominence in the 1990s, rooted in collective memories and aspirations for the future. This perspective shifts our attention from a singular nation-state framework to a broader global system, encompassing multiple interconnected ties and interactions that transcend national borders. Migrants create a social field that spans various nations, carrying significant socio-economic, cultural, and political ramifications. The physical movement of people is invariably accompanied by socio-cultural and ideological artefacts. For example, anti-migrant sentiments can complicate social dynamics within host countries, which increasingly impose restrictions on undocumented migrants. While many view migration as an empowering opportunity, others experience it as fraught with human rights violations, abuse, exploitation, and discrimination. Vulnerable groups, particularly women and children, often fall victim to human trafficking and other abhorrent forms of exploitation. Additionally, socio-economic crises can catalyse xenophobic attacks against migrants and individuals of foreign descent. Nonetheless, the movement of people seeking livelihoods or improved living conditions across international borders carries multifaceted implications for socioeconomic development in both origin and destination countries. This chapter aims to provide a concise overview of pertinent concepts and theories related to migration and transnationalism, including “migrant transnationalism”, “types of consciousness”, and “cultural reproduction”. Also, it was explored how the intersections where migration and transnationalism converge while thoroughly analysing the primary obstacles faced by both phenomena.