Grain systems are the set of processes and activities involved in grain production, processing, distribution, consumption and waste. From the perspective of lifeline engineering, the grain lifeline project can be defined as an engineering system that takes grain as the basic transport carrier and moves along the grain industry value chain, consisting of structures, equipment and personnel security systems of grain production, storage, transportation, processing, consumption and other links. At present, there is only limited investigation on the actual seismic performance of building structures in grain system. Therefore, this paper summarizes the investigation of seismic damage records of building structures in grain system in China and other countries. Typical earthquake damage phenomena and damage mechanism of building structures for grain storage, processing, transportation and sales are summarized. This paper opens a new perspective for the study of grain security in the aftermath of disasters such as earthquakes, providing a scientific foundation for enhancing the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and resilience of storage systems. It holds significant practical implications for grain security, economic stability, and post-disaster supply.