Gibberellins-Mediated Regulation of Plant Biology Under Heavy Metal Stress: Physiological and Molecular Aspects
摘要
The contamination of heavy metals (HMs) has become a global concern regarding crop quality and productivity and is more intense with the population explosion. Heavy metals may come from natural and anthropogenic processes and end up in various environmental compartments (soil, water, air, and their interface). Numerous studies have shown that natural sources of the environment’s heavy metals are frequently of low significance when compared to anthropogenic activity. Several studies have been reporting the negative impact of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses expressed in terms of crop productivity. These metals enter the plant cell and disrupt cell membrane integrity, leading to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered enzymatic activity, pigment degradation, damage to photosystems, and impaired water and nutrient supply. Inside the cell, several signaling loops get activated and alter the cellular responses according to their genetic potential. Among them, hormones have an important role in regulating signaling pathways. Gibberellin is a well-known classic hormone and has been known for a long time for its remarkable contribution to plant improvement. Mainly, its role was more restricted to growth and development. Therefore, it is very interesting to know its less recognized potential in HM stress.