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Frequent trade circulation and controversy over edible and environmental safety make genetically modified organisms (GMOs) a social concern. Nations have proposed labeling requirements to satisfy the consumers’ rights and guarantee national commercial interests. Besides basic situation in global GM crops cultivation and production, the detecting techniques are frequently used for detecting genetically modified organisms from raw products. The techniques mainly include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), biosensors, and many others and are systematically described and discussed in this chapter. This chapter mainly discusses the development of detecting techniques, as well as the endogenous genes, standard substances, and restraining factors. The problems and prospects of detection techniques of GMOs are also noted.

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PCR Methods for Detecting GM Crops and Food in Agriculture and the Food Chain: A Review

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Wentao Xu

摘要

Frequent trade circulation and controversy over edible and environmental safety make genetically modified organisms (GMOs) a social concern. Nations have proposed labeling requirements to satisfy the consumers’ rights and guarantee national commercial interests. Besides basic situation in global GM crops cultivation and production, the detecting techniques are frequently used for detecting genetically modified organisms from raw products. The techniques mainly include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), digital PCR (dPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), biosensors, and many others and are systematically described and discussed in this chapter. This chapter mainly discusses the development of detecting techniques, as well as the endogenous genes, standard substances, and restraining factors. The problems and prospects of detection techniques of GMOs are also noted.