Heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems presents a severe threat to both environmental and human health. Biosorption has proven to be an effective and eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods for heavy metal removal. This study investigates the biosorption of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solutions using modified coco peat, jackfruit rags, and mango seeds under various experimental conditions. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to analyse the functional groups present in the biosorbents. Among the tested materials, coco peat exhibited superior adsorption capabilities, achieving a Pb biosorption capacity of 20.70 mg/g. The adsorption behaviour of Pb onto Coco peat followed the Freundlich isotherm, indicating favourable multilayer adsorption. Conversely, Cd exhibited poor fitting to both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. It was selected for process optimization due to its high performance, availability, and cost-effectiveness. Optimal conditions for Pb adsorption onto coco peat were identified as a pH of 6, a contact time of 150 min, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 73.03 mg/g at an initial metal concentration of 100 ppm, achieving a removal efficiency of 73%. For Cd adsorption, the optimal conditions included a pH of 6, a contact time of 20 min, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 81.81 mg/g at the same initial concentration, resulting in a removal efficiency of 81%. These findings highlight potential of modified coco peat as an effective biosorbent for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and affordable solution for mitigating contamination in water.