This chapter explores the emerging gaps in students’ information literacy and educational equality policy in China. Information literacy is one of the core competencies of contemporary students, closely tied to their holistic development. As human society transitions from the information age to the era of artificial intelligence, the connotation of students’ information literacy includes four main components: information consciousness, information knowledge, information ability, and information ethics. However, amid the backdrop of educational imbalance, disparities in students’ information literacy are evident across regions, groups, and individuals. This chapter explores the causes and manifestations of these disparities and examines how differences in information literacy contribute to educational inequities, particularly through the “digital divide” exacerbating the “education gap” and undermining educational fairness. Furthermore, this chapter adopts a problem-oriented approach, analyzing the challenges of enhancing students’ information literacy from various dimensions, including region, school, family, and individual. It also proposes targeted solutions at multiple levels—government, school, teacher, and family—to cultivate and improve students’ information literacy, thereby upholding and advancing educational equality.