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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a subcategory of direct energy deposition (DED), is widely used for near-net-shape 3D printing of metals. A 316L stainless steel (SS) plate is printed using Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) WAAM with spiral weaving of the welding torch. For a constant wire feed rate and deposition speed, adjusting the amplitude and deflection of spiral weaving gives better control over the thickness of the deposit. In this work, both the values were set at 3 mm. Further, a comprehensive study of current–voltage (I–V) waveforms stability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 316L SS deposit is conducted. The I–V waveform shows a mean CMT cycle time of 20 ± 6 ms. Optical micrograph shows the deposit cross-section primarily contains vermicular ferrite in the weld pool, which further grows into skeletal and lathy ferrite in the middle region of the layer. Deposit shows average Vickers hardness of 181 ± 7 HV, ultimate tensile strength of 505 MPa and 40% elongation along the build direction.

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Process Stability, Microstructural, and Mechanical Characterization of Spiral-Weaved 316L SS CMT-WAAM Deposit

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Krishna Kumar Yadav,
  • Hemant Kumar,
  • C. R. Das,
  • K. G. Pradeep

摘要

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a subcategory of direct energy deposition (DED), is widely used for near-net-shape 3D printing of metals. A 316L stainless steel (SS) plate is printed using Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) WAAM with spiral weaving of the welding torch. For a constant wire feed rate and deposition speed, adjusting the amplitude and deflection of spiral weaving gives better control over the thickness of the deposit. In this work, both the values were set at 3 mm. Further, a comprehensive study of current–voltage (I–V) waveforms stability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of 316L SS deposit is conducted. The I–V waveform shows a mean CMT cycle time of 20 ± 6 ms. Optical micrograph shows the deposit cross-section primarily contains vermicular ferrite in the weld pool, which further grows into skeletal and lathy ferrite in the middle region of the layer. Deposit shows average Vickers hardness of 181 ± 7 HV, ultimate tensile strength of 505 MPa and 40% elongation along the build direction.