Rock materials are natural materials given to us by nature, which are formed by different diagenesis and exist on the earth’s surface under complex geological conditions over a very long geological time. The different diagenesis and complex occurrence environment also lead to different types of rock materials have a great difference in physical and mechanical properties, showing a very significant non-uniformity, non-continuity, nonlinear characteristics. In view of this, before the mechanics tests, it is necessary to select a type or several types of rocks suitable for the study of specific problems in advance, and to determine their physical and mechanical properties with the purpose of initially understanding the basic properties of the selected rock materials. It can not only help us understand the basic situation of the selected rock materials, but also provide some basic reference data for the subsequent complex mechanical tests.