Nano-drug carrier refers to a new class of nanomaterials with a particle size of 10–1000 nm, usually made of natural or synthetic polymer materials. Due to the advantages of improving drug stability, reducing drug toxicity, and controlled and targeted release of drugs, nanomedicine carriers have been widely used in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Some clinical trials proved that these smart drug delivery nanosystems improve the efficiency of treatment for several types of cancer compared to free drugs. The core technology of tumor diagnosis and treatment integration is mainly to integrate diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents into the same nanomaterial system, construct nanomaterial carrier diagnosis and treatment agents, and realize the organic combination of tumor diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new class of nanocarriers, which can efficiently deliver specific drugs to tumor sites.