Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high photovoltaic performance and low production costs. Charge transport layers are often essential to generate high-performance PSCs, yet the high cost and risk of instability of these layers make it difficult to produce efficient and stable PSCs on a large scale economically. Therefore, among various structural configurations, PSCs without a hole transport layer (HTL) introduce a unique approach that simplifies the cell architecture, reduces manufacturing cost, and facilitates the fabrication process. A lot of research is currently going on to design and fabricate HTL-free PSCs and about 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been achieved to date for the same. After 1000 h of continuous illumination, it successfully maintained 90% of the initial PCE, confirming its enormous practical application soon. Similarly, a PSC design without an electron transport layer (ETL) has also been proposed, and 23% PCE has been reported to date. This chapter delves into the basic principles, recent advancements, and cost analysis of HTL- and ETL-free PSCs. In addition to the difficulties associated with HTL- and ETL-free PSCs, the directions for further research and development in this field of PSCs have also been outlined.