Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., commonly known as shisham, is a vital timber-producing species in India and neighboring countries. However, over the past few decades, it has experienced significant mortality due to wilt and dieback, leading to the death of billions of trees. The increasing involvement of various fungal pathogens in this decline has raised serious concerns. A consensus on the specific fungal species responsible for the mortality has not been reached, as different fungal species are associated with tree decline in different geographic regions. Despite the gravity of the situation, research on biocontrol and chemical management strategies remains insufficient, and extensive field studies addressing shisham mortality are lacking. Current research emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to gain a deeper understanding and effectively manage this critical issue, although many questions still remain unanswered. Future studies should focus on several key areas, including the taxonomy and phylogeny of the pathogens, genetic resistance of shisham, optimization of effective biocontrol agents, and development of environmentally sustainable chemical treatments. These efforts are crucial for advancing integrated disease management practices and ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of shisham populations.