Variability is crucial for success of any tree improvement and breeding programmes. This chapter reviews the diversity for pod and seed traits, seedling performance, and vegetative propagation in Dalbergia sissoo. Clonal variations and tree improvement in the species is also discussed. Pod and seed traits and seedling growth exhibit considerable variations, affected by environmental factors. Success in vegetative propagation relies on parameters such as cutting type, age of the tree, and hormone treatment. Tree improvement programmes aim at the selection of genotypes with superior growth and disease resistance. Research studies find high heritability for stem straightness, height and volume affirming strong genetic control. Molecular markers have further hastened breeding by enabling exact genotype selection. These developments carry tremendous potential for enhancing productivity, disease resistance, and adaptability in various ecological zones.