Dalbergia oliveri, or Burmese rosewood, is a large tree species native to Southeast Asia, valued for its medicinal properties and high-quality timber. Due to its slow growth and over-exploitation, it is classified as endangered and protected under CITES Appendix II. The species thrives in diverse soil types and has high genetic diversity, particularly in Cambodia. However, habitat destruction, illegal logging, and slow regeneration are major threats to its survival. Conservation efforts include establishing ex situ conservation sites and regulating trade, but enforcement remains weak. Future research should focus on genomic studies, sustainable cultivation, and improving public awareness to ensure the species’ long-term survival.