The global pursuit of clean and sustainable energy technologies has led to increased interest in fuel cells (FCs) as promising alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based systems. Recently emerging class of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides known as MXenes is showing progress in the advancement of FC technology. The unique properties of MXenes include large surface area, hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity, and tunable surface chemistry, making them suitable materials for different FC components. This review covers the latest progress in incorporating MXene into electrolytes, catalysts, membranes, and electrodes: pointing out the opportunities, improvement in performances, challenges, and issues concerning the MXene-based materials applied in FCs, toward better FC efficiency with less reliance on the use of precious metal catalysts. The review also describes the role of MXenes in various electrochemical reactions occurring in different types of FCs, considered vital in sustainable fuel production. The discussed FCs based on MXene are proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), anion exchange fuel cell (AEMFC), microbial fuel cells (MFCs), direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), redox flow batteries, and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).