Cryptography encompasses a vast field with numerous substitution techniques. The aim of this evaluation article is to present a brief summary targeting the readers and students regarding three commonly utilized algorithms: Symmetric—cryptography employs AES and DES, while asymmetric—cryptography utilizes Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. The primary objective is to enable readers to develop a basic understanding of the historical background of these algorithms, as well as comprehend their key operational principles. Moreover, this review will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm, focusing on how they contribute to achieving security goals such as confidentiality and integrity. The paper will systematically present and evaluate the aforementioned algorithms, elucidating their interrelationships. Specifically, it will explore the connection between symmetric and asymmetric algorithms, distinguishing between those utilizing secret keys and those employing key pairs. Furthermore, the paper may shed light on potential research avenues for scholars in the field of cryptography.