Electric vehicles and hence electric batteries play a key role in green energy transition globally. Demand for these products is expected to grow rapidly in the coming decades. Meeting the expected demand is however challenged due to the constraints of the supply of critical minerals for electric vehicles particularly the potential risks of supply chains. This chapter presents an overview of the supply chains of critical minerals by focusing on China’s electric battery industry. It draws policy implications globally to minimize risks of EV critical mineral supply chains and meet the anticipated growth of EV batteries.