With global cancer incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise, as projected by the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to cancer care. This chapter highlights the advances and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) in cancer screening, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. AI/ML has enabled significant progress in early detection and diagnostic accuracy. AI models have accelerated drug discovery pipelines and support the development of personalized treatment strategies, especially for aggressive and complex malignancies. Moreover, AI/ML is increasingly deployed in predicting patient outcomes and improving quality of life through continuous monitoring and adaptive care. The chapter also critically addresses key considerations associated with clinical adoption, namely AI model bias, data privacy concerns, and the interpretability of complex models.