Are Guidelines and Standards for Design of Accessible Toilets in India Evidence-Based? Findings from a Full-Scale Simulation Study
摘要
Multiple guidelines and standards for design of accessible toilets in India result in inconsistent data for design. This, in turn, hinders the adoption of environmental accommodations such as grab-bars in toilets and compromises on the safety and wellbeing of all users including older adults. Therefore, this pilot study used a full-scale simulation protocol to compare the usability of toilet grab-bar heights specified by four different accessibility guidelines and standards. Twelve adult participants performed usability trials in a full-scale toilet simulation with grab-bars installed at heights of 600, 650, 675, 700 and 750 mm, respectively, located on either side of a water closet with a seat-height of 400 mm. A validated, two-step, usability rating scale was used to assess usability of the grab-bar heights. Results suggest that the grab-bar mounting height between 650–675 mm was preferred by participants. While this finding is in tune with the relevant ISO standard, it is significantly lower than the 725–750 mm grab-bar mounting height advocated by the Harmonized Guidelines & Standards for Universal Accessibility in India, 2021. These findings underline the need to undertake full-scale simulation studies to create the evidence-base that would help to develop guidelines and standards for design of accessible toilets in India. In future, full-scale simulation studies with a larger sample of representative users including older adults and persons-with-disabilities is needed to confirm the validity of these initial findings.