In this study, we proposed a low burden physiological measurement system in the cockpit of an excavator to monitor operator’s physical and mental conditions to ensure safety. In this method, no extra device (e.g., smartwatches) is required for the physiological measurements other than the devices originally required for the excavator operation. The proposed system can acquire signals of electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, and skin electrodermal activity from the left and right levers, respiration from the seat belt, and electrooculogram and electroencephalogram from the helmet inner cap. All electrodes used for the system are dry types, and do not require conductive pastes. The physiological signals obtained from the proposed system and the conventional method were compared in an environment that simulated the actual operating environment of an excavator. As a result, it was shown that the indices calculated from the physiological signals obtained from the proposed system had potential for practical use in operator condition evaluation.