Japan’s strategy for providing foreign aid to Myanmar has significantly evolved, reflecting changes in the region’s economic and geopolitical priorities. This chapter details Japan’s foreign aid strategies, historical context, and collaboration with UN agencies and NGOs in delivering humanitarian aid during civil conflicts in nations such as Myanmar, Syria, and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the chapter explores the distribution patterns of humanitarian aid in Myanmar and investigates whether these efforts unintentionally benefit the Myanmar Tatmadaw, which has been accused of using humanitarian aid as a weapon and committing human rights violationsViolations. The Myanmar military has a long-standing practice of redirecting humanitarian aid for its own use, worsening the plight of vulnerable groups. The study employs the “Do No Harm” theoretical framework to assess whether Japan’s aid mechanisms effectively prevent unintended outcomes, like the weaponization of humanitarian assistance. The 2021 military coup has altered the relationship between international aid organizations and local entities, exposing tensions stemming from differing expectations of reciprocity and solidarity. This chapter also assesses Japan’s commitment to human rights in its humanitarian aid to Myanmar, focusing on its efforts to ensure fair aid distribution across all regions, prevent the State Administration Council (SACState Administration Council (SAC)) from gaining undue advantage, and support initiatives led by local communities. Evidence is collected from various sources, including government documents, interviews, reports, and field assessments. The effectiveness of Japan’s approach is evaluated based on the results of its aid projects and the impact of assistance in areas not controlled by the SACState Administration Council (SAC).